Thursday, December 19, 2019

Analysis Of The Great Awakening - 1809 Words

The brand of education amongst slaves from the Great Awakening takes on several faces, some prove to be profitable to the ideas spread by Whitefield while others prove to be detrimental to the perception of educating slaves in Christianity that prevent the further expansion of evangelization to slaves. Two portrayals of implementation of Awakening rhetoric are with the Bryan family, southern planters in South Carolina, and Samuel Davies, a minister in Virginia. The Bryan family had a connection with George Whitefield because they would provide assistance to evangelicals and in particular with Whitefield’s Bethesda orphanage in Georgia. They owned a plantation in South Carolina that helped provide financial support for the orphanage and they were zealous about the new wave of evangelicalism in the colonies and were seeking ways that they could implement the new teachings into their lives. Jonathan Bryan began to seek reforms in the institution of slavery in South Carolina by following the teachings of Whitefield. Their critiques of South Carolina were that there was no time for slaves to convert to Christianity because they would generally work seven days a week and not have the opportunity to hear about Christianity. The Bryans’ reforms amongst slavery was not welcomed by many South Carolinians and a committee was formed to investigate the level of reform that the Bryans had and the report said that a â€Å"great Numbers of Negroes and other Slaves have several TimesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Great Awakening and Revolutionary Thought1655 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the Great Awakening and Revolutionary Thought In the 1730s and the 1740s, religious revival swept through the New England and Middle Colonies. Through these revivals, the colonists came to view religion as a discrete and personal experience between God and man which, â€Å"undermined legally established churches and their tax supported ministers.† (Henretta, P. 112) Joseph Tracey was the first person to describe this period of revivalism as, ‘the Great Awakening.’ In 1841, Joseph TracyRead MoreAnalysis Of The First Great Awakening1219 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom late 17th century to early 18th century, the First Great Awakening was a period of religious growth throughout the British American colonies from approximately 1720 to the 1740s. This awakening was led by many religious figures such as John Wesley - a founder of Methodism in the Church of England, George Whitefield - an Anglican who preached throughout the colonies from 1739 to 1740, and Jonathan Edwards - an Apologist of the Great Awakening who le d the revival in Northampton, Massachusetts. AlthoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Edwards s The Great Awakening 1072 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Edwards was a major figure during the Great Awakening, he believed nature captured the glory and beauty of God, and thus was parallel to the spiritual world. Edward’s opposed the separation of the presence of God in nature that was being caused by the Enlightenment. Edwards view can be described as Calvinistic as he states â€Å"The book of Scripture is the interpreter of the book of nature†¦..making applications of the signs and types in the book of nature as representations of those spiritualRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead MoreEssay about Yaeger’s Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening1003 Words   |  5 PagesYaeger’s Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening In â€Å"‘A Language Which Nobody Understood’: Emancipatory Strategies in The Awakening,† Patricia Yaeger questions the feminist assumption that Edna Pontellier’s adulterous behavior represent a radical challenge to patriarchal values. Using a deconstructionist method, Yaeger argues that in the novel adultery functions not as a disrupting agent of, but, rather, as a counterweight to the institution of marriage, reinforcing the very idea it purports toRead MoreHY 1110-101-6 Unit II assessment Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pages3 out of 3 points The pamphlet Common Sense was instrumental in gaining support for: Selected Answer: LlI the idea of independence from Great Britain. Correct Answer: ~ the idea of independence from Great Britain. Question 2 3 out of 3 points Which event reversed the tide of the French and Indian War in favor of Great Britain? , (1/1 It /)(111 , Review Test Submission: Unit III Assessment Selected Answer: ~ Obtaining the support of the Iroquois and OhioRead MoreSt. Louis And New Orleans1606 Words   |  7 Pagesthe only one to live to mature years. In 1855, tragedy struck the O’Flaherty family when her father, now a director of the Pacific Railroad, was killed in a train wreck; thereafter, Kate lived in a house of many widows — her mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother Charleville. In 1860, she entered the St. Louis Academy of the Sacred Heart, a Catholic institution where French history, language, and culture were stressed — as they were, also, in her own household. Such an early absorption in FrenchRead MoreThe Great Awakening Of The 1730s1630 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Awakening of the 1730s significantly altered the social structure of early Americal colonial society. The laity’s internal subjectivity and passional experiences were validated in regards to religious sentiments. This novel type of engagement of the laity is significant, as previ ously voiceless social and racial classes were given the authority to proclaim and propagate their interpretations of biblical scripture. The New Lights’ emphasis on the transformative power of the Holy SpiritRead MoreJohn Locke s Influence On His Epistemology1487 Words   |  6 Pagesrevivals of 1734 and 1740–41, the latter of which came to be known as the Great Awakening. I. Theological: Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) is widely considered one of America’s most influential theologians and philosophers, but he remains an intensely disputed figure even after nearly three centuries of debate. As a pastor and evangelist, Edwards is credited with sparking the revival that developed into the Great Awakening in New England (1740-44) and redefining the literary form of the Puritan sermonRead MoreEdna Pontellier and Elizabeth Bennet: Challenge of 19th Century Conventional Methods1344 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteenth century. Both women often challenged conventional societal methods within their works, which inherently caused these literary geniuses to write in complete secrecy. Chopin and Austen gave birth to characters such as Edna Pontellier in The Awakening, and Elizabeth Bennett, the renowned protagonist of Austen’s novella Pride and Prejudice. While noble in their respective ways one can easily mistake Edna and Elizabeth to be selfish creatures of society beca use of their ardent pursuit of happiness

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Market Economics Demand and Supply

Question: Discuss about the Market Economics Demand and Supply. Answer: Introduction The two most important and basic concept of economics is demand and supply. They are also considered as the backbone of the market economy. Demand is referred to as the quantity that the purchasers are ready to purchase at the specified price. On the other hand, supply is referred to as the quantity that the producers are willing to supply at a certain price. Price is referred to as the most important determinant of demand and supply (Bowen Sosa, 2014). Figure 1: Demand and Supply (Source: Created by Author) Demand and supply is explained with the help of a given product of Apple (IPhone 5).The image of Apple was stained during the launch of IPhone 5 mainly because of the demand and supply of the product. During its launch, it was expected that the supply of IPhone 5 would be more than 10 million however; it was only 5 million units. Figure 2: Shortage of Supply (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that the demand for IPhone 5 is more than its supply and as a result, it had lead to shortage of supply. However, Apple will be able to make more sales as the quantity demanded is expected to be 10 million units. In that case, Apple needs to supply 10 million units of IPhone 5 to reach the equilibrium point. Equilibrium point is mainly reached when demand of a product equals its supply. As a result, Apple will also be able to maximize its profit at the equilibrium point where there is neither overproduction nor underproduction. However, the shortage of supply will result in the increase of price that will make IPhone 5 too expensive (Ghose Han, 2014). However, the demand for IPhone 5 in a country as Australia will be inelastic as the people in Australia mainly considers Smartphone as a luxury product. The average income in Australia is quite high as compared to most of the countries and as a result, the individuals in Australia are capable to afford IPhone 5 irrespective of the price. As a result, the elasticity of demand of IPhone 5 in high-income countries is considered inelastic. However, in countries that have average income IPhone 5 has elastic demand. Hence, when the prices of IPhone 5 are considered to be too expensive the product has an elastic demand. On the other hand, if the prices are considered to be reasonable, the product will have an inelastic demand (Thimmapuram Kim, 2013). Figure 3: Inelastic Demand (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows inelastic demand where the change in price will have a little effect on the quantity demanded. On the other hand, the price elasticity of supply will be considered as elastic for IPhone 5. This mainly because, the firm will produce more as it will cost less to produce an additional output as the demand rises. Figure 4: Elastic Supply (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows the price elasticity of supply of IPhone 5. The supply has become elastic due to high increase in demand. As a result, the supply is not able to catch up with the demand instead of the increase in production. However, if the demand for IPhone 5 will fall the elasticity of supply will become inelastic (Simon, 2015). Although, in Australia the people mostly prefers luxurious and costly Smartphone like IPhone, there are few countries where IPhone has close substitutes however, they do not have a perfect substitute. The major competitor of Apple is Samsung that operates on Android system. With the increase in price, the demand for IPhone decreases but it does not decrease to zero. However, if the price increases by a large amount the individuals with average income might shift to its substitute. Figure 5: Substitute goods (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that with the increase in price if the individuals shifts to android phones, the demand curve will shift to the left from D to D1. The factors that affect the demand side of the economy include the price of the product. In other words, if the price of IPhone increases the demand will decrease and vice versa. This is mainly because price and demand are inversely related. The demand will fall with the increase in price as the satisfaction level of the customers will fall. The price of related goods is also considered as the most important factor that determines the demand for a good. Related goods include both substitute and complementary goods. In the case of Apple, the major substitute good is Android. As a result, if the price of IPhone increases the demand for Android phones increases. On the other hand, complementary goods are those goods that are used together to satisfy a particular demand. Hence, if the price of Smartphone increases the demand for IPhone will decrease (Witt, 2013). Income of the customer is another most important determinant of demand. If the income of the customers increases, the demand for IPhone will also increase and if the income decreases, the demand for IPhone will decrease. Expectation of change in the future price will also determine the demand for IPhone. In other words, if individuals expect that the price of IPhone is likely to increase dramatically in the future then the present demand for IPhone will increase (Rios, McConnell Brue, 2013). The factors that affect the supply side of the economy are the increase in price. In other words, if the price of IPhone increases, Apple will increase the supply to generate more revenue. A decrease in the cost of production also affects supply that is when the amount payable to factors of production decreases, profitability of the company increases. State of technology also determines the supply of a product that is a more advanced technology will reduce the cost of production and increase profit. The other most important factor is taxation policy that if government increases tax, the cost of production will increase, thus reducing supply (Canto, Joines Laffer, 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that Apple needs to supply 10 million units of IPhone 5 to reach the equilibrium point. At which supply will equal demand. As a result, the company will be able to generate more profit. The demand for IPhone will also increase and if the income decreases, the demand for IPhone will decrease. With the increase in price, the demand for IPhone decreases and demand for Android will increase. References Bowen, W. G., Sosa, J. A. (2014). Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. Princeton University Press. Canto, V. A., Joines, D. H., Laffer, A. B. (2014). Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Ghose, A., Han, S. P. (2014). Estimating demand for mobile applications in the new economy. Management Science, 60(6), 1470-1488. - https://economicsec3.blogspot.in/2012/10/apples-tim-cook-blames-iphone-5-supply.html Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Simon, H. (2015). Prices and Decisions. In Confessions of the Pricing Man (pp. 97-120). Springer International Publishing. Thimmapuram, P. R., Kim, J. (2013). Consumers' price elasticity of demand modeling with economic effects on electricity markets using an agent-based model. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 390-397. Witt, U. (Ed.). (2013). Escaping Satiation: The Demand side of economic growth. Springer Science Business Media.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

What HP Is Doing Right And Why

Hewlett and Packard (HP) is an American technology company that provides technology services to large enterprises, individual customers, and small and large businesses. It is the leading manufacturer of personal computers and associated accessories in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What HP Is Doing Right And Why? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has experienced tumultuous times in past years that have affected it adversely. However, it has changed its strategy and is pursuing reinvention strategies and initiatives. It is currently engaging in several projects and initiatives that will steer it back to prosperity in different field away from manufacture of computers. These initiatives include high-impact research, acquisition of Autonomy, a British software company, cloud services, corporate strategic overhaul, and management change. HP has increased its efforts of doing research in order to find so lutions to problems facing the technology industry. As a result, they have established research labs in seven different locations around the globe. The labs will focus research on eight areas that are central to technology. These include information management, content transformation, cloud, digital commercial print, intelligent infrastructure, analytics, sustainability, and immersive interaction. The main objective of the project is to shift its focus to cloud computing and EaaS, which are key areas of emerging technologies. HP has also acquired Autonomy, a British software company. The acquisition has brought wrangles in the corporation leading to exit of the chairman, Raymond Lane. The main objective of acquiring the company is to diversify their service delivery to focus mostly on software development and compete with other software development companies. HP intends to exit the personal computer market and explore the more profitable software market. This is in an effort to rein vent the company after many years of failed business operations. Recently, HP announced its corporate and strategic overhaul plan that had an adverse effect on its share price. The overhaul is intended to push HP into profitable market segments such as software, connectivity, and cloud services. Their strategy includes doing away with its Webos mobile devices and exiting the PC market that is not as profitable as it was in past decades. Its Webos devices include the Veer Smartphone and the Touchpad tablet. In addition, it is looking for alternatives to its Personal Systems Group (PSG). This might include separating operations of PSG form those of HP.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another recent HP initiative is exploration of cloud services. HP has devised ways to provide cloud services to enterprises, consumers, and small and medium sized businesses. It has developed cust omized cloud services for each of the three groups of consumers. Services offered to each group offers solutions to problems that present challenges in the modern world where technology is an important aspect of achieving goals and objectives. The initiative’s main objective is to revamp HP’s service business in order to guarantee stability and high profit margins. This is a positive move because cloud services are under high demand and HP could seize the opportunity to reinvent itself. HP has also elected a new interim chairman, Ralph Whitworth after exit of Raymond Lane. He left after fallout with the corporation’s top management regarding acquisition of Autonomy Corporation. This move is an effort by the management of the corporation to avoid cases of past wrangles that cost it dearly. The new interim chairman has been serving at HP in the capacity of Board member for approximately two years. Lane said that he stepped down because he did not want to disrupt H P’s reinvention efforts. The new interim chairman is known for reviving failed corporations by introducing change. The election of Whitworth is a move towards adopting leadership that embraces change, a factor that is synonymous with their recent initiatives and corporate overhaul strategy. This essay on What HP Is Doing Right And Why? was written and submitted by user Dan1M00nstar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Hamlet Essays (990 words) - Characters In Hamlet,

Hamlet In the play ?Hamlet' by Shakespeare, the integrity of some characters are all challenged with honesty and deceit. The King of Denmark is deteriorating and rotting the state and its people. Many images of corruption, spying, and decay compound as the play moves on, because Claudius is trying to find out what his nephew, Hamlet, is planning. A description of some of the points of defilement in detail and what they mean follows. As the scene opens, there is a party, and a party-pooper. The party is somewhat of a classy type, where all the people are dressed in fancy dresses and nice suits and one person in black. That person is Hamlet. Claudius, the late kings' brother, is marrying his widow, Gertrude, less than 2 months of his brother's death. This is a sign of corruption. Claudius tries to make it seem like nothing big has happened. He describes that he is sad, everyone should be sad, but it is best to think of the dead king with"wisest sorrow". That is, life goes on and doesn't stop for a single person's death. Claudius also adds "With mirth (gladness) in funeral and dirge (grief) in marriage". This is one of many paradoxes in this paradoxical play, but the king doesn't mean it as a paradox. The second sign of decay is that Hamlet wants to avenge is fathers death, and bring justice to the murderer. Marcallus, Horatio, and Barnardo notify Hamlet of a ghost that appears before them, one who looks like King Hamlet. Horatio adds that the appearance of the Ghost reminds him of what he has read in portents in Rome, just before the assassination of Julius Caesar, when "The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead / Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets." Hamlet listens to his loyal friends, and decides to see what this is about. The ghost speaks to Hamlet, and tells him he is "thy father's spirit," and must soon return to the prison of purgatory and its flames. Ghost: "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder... "Murder most foul, as in the best it is; But this most foul, strange and unnatural... "A serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forged process of my death Rankly abused: but you know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father's life Now wears his crown." Hamlet: "O my prophetic soul! My uncle!" Yes indeed Claudius killed Hamlets father. This is a great sign of corruption. Hamlet must have revenge on Claudius and avenge is fathers ?most unnatural murder'. Claudius becomes suspicious of Hamlet and sends for Rosentcrantz and Guildenstern. He immediately greets them and gets down to business right away. He wants to find out why Hamlet is acting weird, and needs to be assured that it is only because of his fathers passing away. Claudius: "Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern! Moreover that we much did long to see you, The need we have to use you did provoke Our hasty sending. Something have you heard Of Hamlet's transformation; so call it, Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man Resembles that it was. What it should be, More than his father's death, that thus hath put him So much from the understanding of himself, I cannot dream of: I entreat you both, That, being of so young days brought up with him, And sith so neighbour'd to his youth and havior, That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court Some little time: so by your companies To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather, So much as from occasion you may glean, Whether aught, to us unknown, afflicts him thus, That, open'd, lies within our remedy." Claudius asks the two men to hang out with Hamlet and see what is wrong with him. He says, "I cannot dream of" what might be wrong. We suspect is that what the King really wants to know is what Hamlet knows or suspects, or what he may do. He has the whole state in his hand. The king not only uses some of Hamlets best friends as bait, but also uses his last love. The King, Gertrude, and Polonius influence Ophelia to help them find out what is wrong with Hamlet. They hope her "virtues" (sweet, kind, loving) will help figure out what Hamlet knows and planning. From out of the blue when Hamlet and Ophelia are talking, he asks the same question as he did with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern,

Sunday, November 24, 2019

What You Need to Know About Libel Laws

What You Need to Know About Libel Laws As a reporter, its crucial to understand the basics of libel and libel law. Generally speaking, the United States has the freest press in the world, as guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. American journalists are generally free to pursue their reporting wherever it may take them, and to cover topics, as The New York Times motto puts it, â€Å"without fear or favor.† But that doesn’t mean reporters can write anything they want. Rumor, innuendo, and gossip are things hard-news reporters generally avoid (as opposed to reporters on the celebrity beat). Most importantly, reporters do not have the right to libel the people they write about. In other words, with great freedom comes great responsibility. Libel law is where the press freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment meet the requirements of responsible journalism. What Is Libel? Libel is published defamation of character, as opposed to spoken defamation of character, which is slander. Libel: Exposes a person to hatred, shame, disgrace, contempt or ridicule.Injures a person’s reputation or causes the person to be shunned or avoided.Injures the person in his or her occupation. Examples might include accusing someone of having committed a heinous crime, or of having a disease that might cause them to be shunned. Two other important points: Libel is by definition false. Anything that is provably true cannot be libelous.â€Å"Published† in this context simply means that the libelous statement is communicated to someone other than the person being libeled. That can mean anything from an article thats photocopied and distributed to just a few people to a story that appears in a newspaper with millions of subscribers. Defenses Against Libel There are several common defenses a reporter has against a libel lawsuit: Truth Since libel is by definition false, if a journalist reports something that is true it cannot be libelous, even if it damages a person’s reputation. Truth is the reporter’s best defense against a libel suit. The key is in doing solid reporting so that you can prove something is true.Privilege Accurate reports about official proceedings – anything from a murder trial to a city council meeting or a congressional hearing – cannot be libelous. This may seem like an odd defense, but imagine covering a murder trial without it. Conceivably, the reporter covering that trial could be sued for libel every time someone in the courtroom accused the defendant of murder.Fair Comment Criticism This defense covers expressions of opinion, everything from movie reviews to columns on the ops might include a rock critic ripping into the latest Beyonce CD, or a political columnist writing that she believes President Obama is doing a horrible job. Public Officials vs. Private Individuals In order to win a libel lawsuit, private individuals need only prove that an article about them was libelous and that it was published. But public officials – people who work in government at the local, state or federal level – have a tougher time winning libel lawsuits than private individuals. Public officials must not only prove that an article was libelous and that it was published; they must also prove it was published with something called â€Å"actual malice.† Actual malice means that: The story was published with the knowledge that it was false.The story was published with reckless disregard of whether or not it was false. Times vs. Sullivan This interpretation of libel law comes from the 1964 U.S. Supreme Court ruling Times vs. Sullivan. In Times vs. Sullivan, the court said that making it too easy for government officials to win libel suits would have a chilling effect on the press and its ability to aggressively report on the important issues of the day. Since Times vs. Sullivan, the use of the â€Å"actual malice† standard to prove libel has been expanded from just public officials to public figures, which basically means anyone who is in the public eye. Put simply, politicians, celebrities, sports stars, high-profile corporate executives and the like all must meet the â€Å"actual malice† requirement in order to win a libel suit. For journalists, the best way to avoid a libel suit is to do responsible reporting. Don’t be shy about investigating wrongdoing committed by powerful people, agencies, and institutions, but make sure you have the facts to back up what you say. Most libel lawsuits are the result of careless reporting.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Electoral College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electoral College - Essay Example There is also the problem of the unequal weight of votes. However, I n support of it is does generally support federal character in the nation, and requires a candidate to maintain wide spread support to win, and also helps keep the separations of powers in tact. 5. Pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment, the House of Representatives is required to go into session "immediately" to vote for President if no candidate for President receives a majority (270 votes) of the 538 possible electoral votes. 6. There are many suggest alternatives. One is simply for the popular vote to be the only deciding factor. There is also a proportional; system that is pending that would change the vote to go to candidates based on the percent of the vote they get. 7. No. It is not fair, all states do not get the same attention and smaller states are often left out. Candidates may not even campaign in smaller states because they know it is not worth their time or money. Big states and swing states get all the attention for the most part. 10. To me it seems less democratic, and people are not really voting for the candidate. People are instead voting in order for their electors to vote so in that since it is an indirect democracy of sorts, however it is still not as direct as I would like to see out system be. 11. Bad idea. People should win the election based on popular vote, no other system should even have ever been considered. We should not let people pick the candidate because of some number system like the Electoral College; we should let the person with the most votes wins. That is what democracy s all about after all.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Term paper - Essay Example In the 1990s, there was a call to understand and address the issue of teacher turnover in the United States. In the 15 years since this call, the turnover rate of teachers is still a central theme in many discussions regarding the teachers, yet there is now a better understanding about this phenomena. For instance, teacher turnover now encompasses several definitions, including teachers exiting the profession, teachers changing fields, or teachers changing schools (citation). Additionally there is now information regarding the reasons that teachers turnover. XXXX (XXX) reported that new teachers leave the teaching field because they fail to cope with the complications that can accompany teaching. Others may quit or move because of disruptive behavior amongst children, issues with the administration or parents, or lack of resources (XXXX, XXXX). Most of the studies surrounding turnover pertain to beginning teachers in general. That is, most reports report teacher attrition and mobility among all teachers, and then by current teaching position. In doing these analyses, large samples are quantitatively described and implications are made about various groups of teachers. While these analyses are important, there is a need to understand reasons for teacher attrition and mobility that are specific to science teachers. This type of analysis should take into account the nuances of the science teaching. Laboratory instruction is one area that is unique to science teachers. For science teachers, they need supplies to demonstrate phenomena and to have students explore basic phenomena in the laboratory. Another area that is unique to science teachers pertains to teaching out of field. Most science teachers are certified in one area, but often teach in different disciplines. A middle school science teacher, for example, who has a degr ee in life science and teaches a general science course, may