Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Recycling - Research Paper Example The current global warming issue has created awareness among people which leads to air, water pollution and decrease of one-use resources. The lessening of number of one-use resources empowered countries to combat the problem by use of more renewable resources that can be recycled. The ethical benefit of recycling outweighs its negativity. The cost of land filling, incineration and collection of waste are much higher than that of recycling processes. The environmental effects are the disposal of waste can cost billions of dollars for municipal. But the implementation of recycling can help to deal with the issue. This essay will discuss about the optimum use of recycling for a possibility to reduce the environmental issues ethically. The reduction of waste stream and demand of waste is the process of recycling. The emission of all waste streams and minimizing the utilization of resources are the purposes of recycling. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the solid wastes that are been recycled in America are only 30%. The implication of recycling can create huge impact on environmental and economic issue of a country. Environmental Protection Agency sates that the recycling process on paper can benefit environment. The water pollution can drop to 35% and air pollution can drop to 74% due to the implementation of recycling. Due to the increase in population, it became a beneficiary factor for every organization take the responsibility of recycling. There are several organizations that have implemented recycling to reduce the environmental issue to maintain ethics in workplace. PEPSICO is one of the global multinational organizations that has benefited from recycling. PEPSICO is one of the largest bev erage and food multinational company in America. The importance of social responsibility cannot be ignored by any company. The main goal of PEPSICO is to reduce its impact on environment with many initiatives such as energy, water,

The Classic Murder Story Essay Example for Free

The Classic Murder Story Essay I believe a classic murder story are things that have a strange murder weapon like Marys leg of lamb, the story must also have lots of detective work but shouldnt stress on it, must have a cliff hanger of some sort or failing that must have a striking finale (I found The Speckled Bands ending was an anti climax). My main things for a murder story in a great detective and an airtight alibi my favorite alibi everything above is included, brilliant.   The story of Lamb to the Slaughter begins with Mary Maloney waiting for her husband to return from work; while she is waiting she is sewing and glancing without at the clock. Then Patrick Maloney (her husband) walked in. Mary poured them both drinks. Mary while sitting down admires her husband and ponders her love for this man. Marys attempts at conversation are quickly halted Patrick shows a distinct feeling of uneasiness and seems extremely nervous. Mary began to talk about dinner but as she tried to start, he sat her down and told her some rather shocking news. This bewildered her and her mind became blank and everything she did was based on instinct. She murmured, Ill get the tea. She went down to the freezer got a Leg of lamb, which was the first thing, her hand made contact with. As she trailed by Patrick again he uttered his last words For Gods sake dont make anything for me .Im going out. With this her fury anger took over and she swung the frozen piece of meat as hard as she could killing him within seconds. She realized that she would get the death sentence but only cared for her baby. She went upstairs and practiced saying her usual sentences and smile. She went to the grocers, to create an alibi. When she returned she phoned the police in a grieved state. Her alibi was checked and was airtight. The police, who knew her, tried to comfort her she used this to feed them the murder weapon. Crafty!!! The prà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cis of The Speckled Band starts with Dr. Watson reviews his cases of the past years. Holmes wakes him up and takes him downstairs to meet a client. The client is Helen Stoner she tells him abut her familys history in India, about the bereavement of her sister, her violent stepfather and her current engagement. Holmes was worried and asked to investigate the Roylott Manor, she agreed, as her Stepfather would be in London for the day. The trip was arranged and Helen left. Soon Dr.Roylott entered threatening Holmes warning him to stay a way. Holmes left but first went to the Doctors Commons to where he found a motive for the Doctor as possible killer money. He then went to Stoke Moran and investigates in the 3 different rooms the main one being where Julia Stoner was killed. Holmes noticed: a ventilator going in the wrong wall, a fake bell ring, the bed was clamped down and the room was impenetrable. Roylotts room had the ventilator from Julias room the metal safe, a tied up dog leash like a noose and a saucer of milk. Holmes then told Mary to retire to bed early tonight light a candle when Dr. Roylott goes to bed and then withdraw to the to your original room. Watson Holmes then went to a nearby inn The Crown Inn; Holmes then shared his own workings with the good Dr. Watson. The Manor house went dark around 10:00pm and the candle was lit about an hour later. So they went to the house, coming along a baboon on their travels, and entered Julias room with Watson sitting further back than Holmes who had taken it upon himself to sit near the bed. Suddenly there was a bright light and Holmes struck at the bell pull with all his fury and might yelling at Watson You see it yet Watson Then there was a hellish scream and after going to Roylotts room Holmes Watson found Roylott dead with the Snake around his neck. Roald Dahl the author of Lamb To The Slaughter was most well known for his childrens novel such as The B.F.G, Matilda Danny Champion Of The World but this short but exciting story shows me that he was more than just a fringe live off fake words writer as this catapults him into the one of great writers of the 20th century.  The Speckled Band was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle made famous for his Sherlock Holmes Novels. He was an extraordinary writer by the mere fact Sherlock Holmes is one the most well known fictional characters in the world. He got knighthood to prove his worth the highest award Britain has to offer.

The Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Imagine being a child and having your own father or mother hitting or burning your body, making sexual advances towards you, or just never being there for you when you need them. Becca, who decided to keep her last name anonymous, told about her experiences with being abused as a child in the Admit to Child Abuse web page. She told of her story by saying that she was "the victim of child sexual abuse and was abused for approximately 7 years by my father. Even at my age (22) now it is hard to put what happened to me into words" (Admit to Child Abuse). Well, more abuse like Becca's happens to children in today's society and they are victims of just those things. Many people may not realize this but child abuse has become prevalent in the United States throughout these past couple of years. Not only are children being physically abused but they are also being sexual abused, emotionally abused and neglected by people that are suppose to be the closest to them. There are many signs and ef fects of abuse, depending on the child that is being abused. Throughout this paper, each form of abuse will be addressed and those forms will be analyzed to find a proper treatment for these problems. Under law, a physically abused child means "a child less than 18 years of age whose parents responsible for the child care... inflicts physical injury by other than accidental means which causes substantial risk of death" (Safe Child Abuse). In other words, physical abuse is when a person physically touches a child and harms them in some way. This is something that is not being done by accident. It is also considered to be physical abuse when a caregiver, which does not have to be the parent, creates or allows certain situations to happen that would cause the child to be in danger. A physically abused child is easier to spot out then an emotionally or sexually abused child. This is because there are usually physical indicators, like bruises, cuts, and burns on the children's body that are being abused. Some more physical indicators would be bite marks, swelling on any parts of the body, and fractures in awkward places. Behavioral indicators from the child to look out for when determi ning if someone is being physically abused is if the child avoids physical contact with others, gives inconsistent versions about injuries that they have, does not seem to want to go home after school, seems frightened of parents and there are also many more.

Semiotics Essay

Serrena Wortham English 101/Johnson Semiotics Essay 1 10/18/12 Country Stars Within Society There are a lot of movies with a main character stereo-typed as a cowboy that might have dark skin from working in the sun, is muscular, has rough hands, and a southern drawl. He might ride a horse, work really hard in the barn or on a tractor, sing or play a classic country song, and is gentleman to all woman. This is an image that comes in the mind of many people who think of cowboys, and there could be some out there like this description. Based upon movies with characters like this, has the truth been twisted to make all these stereo-types?The media has created the idea of these male country stars being rugged and dangerous, giving a physical attraction or desire, and in addition being loyal and respectful to woman. These technically are not bad things, but they could be stereo-typical and judgmental. Male country stars are portrayed as masculine or rough in many magazine covers, ads, movi es and TV shows. For example in a Wranglers Retro Jeans ad, Jason Aldean smirks at the camera wearing his worn out blue jeans frayed at the bottom, ragged on t-shirt, and classic cowboy hat at one of his concerts. This laid back look of his is not very unheard of by country males.This ad shows Jason can have a full range of motion in the jeans, that they are durable enough to hold him all the way through his high energy concerts and other day activities. This implies that a male country star is hard on his jeans and needs them to be durable and reliable. Another example within this ad is the Wranglers logo. A rope spells out Wranglers on a leather patch with thick visible stitching. This shows that it will not move no matter what you put it through, such as the hard work of a cowboy. By looking at adds and pictures this is what you see but other examples can be hidden in lyrics of many country stars.For example Justin Moore’s song â€Å"I Could Kick Your Ass†. â€Å"Y ou got your million bucks, You got your flashy sports car, You got your trophy girls, Man you think you're a star, You got your teeth bleached, You like to play the rich game, Yeah you think you're a cowboy, The new Jesse James, I could kick your ass†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Justin Moore is claiming the person he is singing to is feminine and would loose in a fight against himself. He wants to show his rugged, harsh nature to his opponent to intimidate or fire him up to fight. This could be portrayed as â€Å"bad boy† behavior, which can be desirable.The â€Å"barbaric† attitude and look of these country stars can also be seen as sexy. â€Å"COUNTRY’S HOTTEST GUYS! † is one of first things seen on the April 2012 Country Special of People magazine cover, besides Blake Shelton’s enlarged perfected smirk. He is one of the nicer dressing country stars of today with his light colored button up shirt and vest, nicely controlled hair, but with the sexy unpolished lo ok of his unshaven face and intimate eyes. As if this look doesn’t catch your eyes enough the text fitted close to his face, â€Å"Blake Shelton- His funniest (AND BEST) interview ever! , will catch your eyes. Not only are they selling his looks but his personality also. It shows that there is more to see inside. Even if you weren’t attracted by his looks you could be drawn in by the fact that he is funny. Desiring an attractive, intimate, and funny guy is enough to buy a magazine for many woman, but there are a few more factors that are shown in other advertisements. In the poster for Faith Hill and Tim McGraw’s new fragrances, Tim shows his protection and loyalty to his wife by his body language, while Faith shows her contentment.His body is almost completely sheltering Faith from whatever could get her, his slight glare and straight mouth expression shows his seriousness and love towards the woman he is protecting. This look, the dark plainness of his shirt, and his classic cowboy hat shows his rough side while Faith’s smile and contentment with her husband shows how loved she feels by a man who is as loyal as he. They are both looking in the same direction off to the left, this symbolizes they share the same goals and feelings for each other. They are together and are sharing something mportant. All together this cowboy/country star is absolutely in love, loyal, and protective of his wife. After his recent marriage to Miranda Lambert, Blake Shelton in his song â€Å"Honey Bee† has lyrics that form yet another example. â€Å" You'll be my soft and sweet, I'll be your strong and steady, You'll be my glass of wine, I'll be your shot of whiskey, You'll be my sunny day, I'll be your shade tree,You'll be my honeysuckle, I'll be your honey bee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this song he demonstrates how perfectly things work together contrasting.Miranda being his soft and sweet, just like Faith letting her husband protect her and love her. Blake being the strong and steady protecting and respecting his wife, just like Tim. Miranda being the glass of wine demonstrates a soft relaxation while Blake being a shot of whiskey can also demonstrate a harsh, rugged personality. As I have explained, cowboys having a blunt ruggedness, seen as physically attractive and their respectful, loyal personalities make up the stereo-types of country stars today.Have people used this stereo-type of cowboys to make money or sell an idea? This is definitely how advertising operates. Creating a good idea in a movie or TV show, making it desirable and then making products and selling them based off of the stereo-type. For example when a little boy see’s a Star Wars movie and suddenly wants to be Luke Skywalker, he will beg his parents for a light-saber, and this is the goal to advertising, which had made country music as big as it is today.

Assessment of Learning Essay

Assessment for Learning and Pupils with Special Educational Needs The aim of this paper is to provide a summary of the key issues that emerged during the Agency project Assessment in Inclusive Settings in relation to the application of the concept of Assessment for Learning to pupils with special educational needs (SEN). A significant aspect of inclusive assessment in practice that emerged from the on-going discussions with Project Experts was the concept of Assessment for Learning. References to this concept can be found in the majority of project Country Reports on national assessment systems (www.european-agency. org /site/themes/assessment/index. shtml). Within these Country Reports, Assessment for Learning can be seen as a ‘qualitative’ type of assessment procedures. This type of assessment – also referred to as ‘formative’ or ‘on-going’ assessment – is usually carried out in classrooms by class teachers and professionals that work with the class teacher. It usually refers to assessment procedures that inform teachers about pupils’ learning and guides them in planning the next steps in teaching. As a central task within the second phase of the Agency project, a decision was taken to explore in more depth the concept of Assessment for Learning and how this can be applied to assessment in inclusive settings. Two activities were conducted: – A review of available literature considering the concept. This was a short review of English language materials (please see the reference list at the end of this document); – Discussions with all Project Experts. Information from the initial review of available literature was presented to Project Experts as a stimulus for their discussions. This led to the Experts being asked to reflect on the differences between Assessment for Learning (formative, ongoing assessment) and Assessment of Learning (summative assessment) using the following parameters: PARAMETERS PURPOSE GOALS ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Supporting Learning Accountability (linked to predetermined standards) Informs teaching and learning Promotes further steps in learning Focuses on improving Develops pupils’ skills of reflection Collection of information about what has been achieved (a record of marks) Compares with  targets that have been pre-established. Focuses on achievement www. european-agency. org 1 PARAMETERS ACTORS WHEN TOOLS ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING Teachers Pupils Parents Peers Other school professionals On-going ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Teachers External practitioners At fixed and pre-determined times Discussions, observations, self- Tests, drilling, grading, marking, assessment, peer-assessment, questioning, observation teacher debate, comment-only, dialogue, questioning, feedback, no-grading, portfolio, individual education plan . Adapted from Harlen (2007a) The key difference between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning can be identified as the purpose for which teachers and other professionals gather evidence of learning. Although some tools may be the same (e. g. questioning) the key issues emerging from the feedback provided by Project Experts indicated that it is necessary to keep in mind that: – Assessment for Learning aims at improving learning; Assessment of Learning aims at ensuring accountability (of schools and teachers). – Assessment for Learning explores the potential for learning and indicates the next step to be taken in order to promote learning and focuses upon the dynamics of teaching and learning); Assessment of Learning shows what has been already achieved, memorised and absorbed and provides a snapshot of the current situation. The actors involved in Assessment for Learning are able to provide insights into progress that a pupil has achieved and how the school contributed to this development; the actors involved in Assessment of Learning include professionals who are external to the school situation (e. g. inspectors) and may be required to provide a picture of a school at a particular point in time, but they may not always know the school context and life in the necessary detail to provide insights into pupil learning. Assessment for Learning and Pupils with SEN? The concept of providing feedback to pupils about their learning is the crucial element in understanding the potential difference between the use of the term Assessment for Learning generally by educators – as it is most often used for example within the project Country Reports – and the use of the term within a research context. Overall, Assessment for Learning is concerned with collecting evidence about learning that is used to adapt teaching and plan next steps in learning. Evidence 2 www. european-agency. org about learning is crucial as it indicates if there has been a shift (or not) in a pupil’s learning progress and possibly learning processes. On the basis of such evidence, teachers can formulate targets/goals and are able to provide pupils with feedback about their learning (see Hattie and Timperly, 2007) clearly indicating to a pupil not just what they have learned, but also giving them information on how they may have learned it and how best they can learn in the future. The feedback provided during Assessment for Learning contributes to a pupils’ reflection on their own learning. Within the research literature reviewed for this investigation, Assessment for Learning is often described as involving this form of self-reflection, or more specifically, as a means by which pupils reflect on their own learning as they are engaged in an interactive ‘feedback loop’ with their teachers. The essential aim of employing the ‘feedback loop’ within Assessment for Learning is to promote pupils’ meta-cognition; that is their own understanding of not just what they learn, but how they learn and can learn in the best way. This is clearly presented by the Assessment Reform Group (2002) who describe Assessment for Learning as: †¦ the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there. (Assessment Reform Group, p. 2) Assessment for Learning within this research-based context involves issues of self-reflection and self-assessment that develops a pupils’ own understanding of how learning is taking place and how it can be developed. This is particularly relevant as Assessment for Learning emphasises assessment as a process of meta-cognition (see for example the notion of Assessment as Learning in Western and Northern Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in Education, 2006). These notions, however, are not always the main focus when the concept of Assessment for Learning is used more generally (that is as in the project Country Reports). Meijer (2003) suggests that what is good for pupils with special educational needs is also good for all pupils and this maxim is one that has been considered throughout the entire Agency Assessment project. However, when considering the researchgenerated concept of Assessment for Learning, it has to be recognised that the work has been conducted in relation to pupils without SEN. Within the research work on Assessment for Learning considered in the literature review (Lynn and et al. , 1997; Black and Wiliam, 1998), issues around Assessment for Learning and pupils with SEN are only very marginally dealt with. Consequently, a decision was taken to actively explore within the Agency Assessment project the relevance of the research-based concept of Assessment for Learning for the learning of pupils with SEN along with the possible implications for assessment procedures used by teachers, school managers, parents and even www. european-agency. org 3  pupils themselves. Within the Agency Assessment project discussions therefore, the central question emerged as being is what is good for most pupils also good for pupils with SEN? The discussions with project experts essentially explored if the research concept of Assessment for Learning was valid for pupils with SEN. Two main areas were debated by Project Experts: 1. Does Assessment for Learning mean the same thing for pupils with and without SEN? Are same principles applied? 2. Are there differences in the use of Assessment for Learning for pupils with and without SEN? If so what are these differences for pupils, teachers, school managers and educational practice? Assessment for Learning – a relevant concept The most main outcome emerging from the discussions of the Project Experts is the agreement that Assessment for Learning is a significant element in successful teaching and learning of teaching with all pupils, including those with SEN. In essence, the critical question to ask is not whether Assessment for Learning can be applied to pupils with special educational needs, but rather how it can be applied. However, one potential area of concern was highlighted by project experts in relation to using Assessment for Learning with pupils with the most severe needs. In particular, engaging pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties in the ‘feedback loop’ was seen as being challenging. However, project experts’ reflections on this potential difficulty can be summed up as follows: †¦ students with profound difficulties do not need different assessment systems, but only different methods/tools of assessment. Assessment for Learning – methods and tools In relation to tools for Assessment for Learning, Project Experts’ feedback indicates that many Assessment for Learning approaches (such as individualised observation, portfolios and diaries) have been extensively used in special needs education settings for some considerable time. In relation to other potential methods and tools it is necessary to underline the fact that Assessment for Learning methods and tools can be used with pupils with SEN providing that they are modified and adjusted (accommodated) to meet the needs of the individual pupil. 4 www. european-agency. org Teacher observation was seen by Project Experts as a main method for gathering Assessment for Learning information. This approach is seen as particularly relevant for pupils with SEN as it may be the only method available to gather information about the learning of pupils who use non- or pre-verbal forms of communication. However, the Project Experts’ inputs suggested that teachers needed to be given more guidance by specialists in order to improve their skills in observation. Specifically, project experts indicated that more guidance should be given to develop more individualised methods of observation of pupils with SEN. Some suggestions included the use of videos as helpful tools to collect evidence of learning for students with profound learning difficulties and to provide teachers with the best opportunities to reflect upon assessment and discuss the evidence with their colleagues. Questioning is often a crucial part of the teacher pupil interaction that occurs in the Assessment for Learning ‘feedback loop’. Project Experts indicated that questioning pupils with SEN is also possible – and necessary – but only: †¦ if the questions are framed in a way that allows pupils to have enough time to answer (the ‘wait time’) and if different stimuli to support questions (e. g. visual versus verbal stimuli) and ways of responding (e. g. eye contact) are considered †¦ In addition, Project Experts also indicated that the portfolio – if complemented with other information, for example the pupil’s IEP or specialist therapeutic programmes – could be a tool for dialogue with other professionals and parents. Finally, Project Experts expressed their view that approaches that encourage selfassessment and particularly self-reflection are tools within Assessment for Learning provided that they are adequately adapted and modified to meet the needs of individual pupils. The reinforcement of self-assessment skills was seen as a crucial goal for pupils with severe learning difficulties whose personal learning targets may often include autonomy and independence. These competences are fundamental skills clearly supported by the development of self-reflection and meta-cognitive skills (Porter et al., 2000). Assessment for Learning – implications for school managers All Project Experts agreed on the important role played by school managers in creating the opportunities for teachers to discuss and reflect on assessment issues and for parents to participate in the process of assessment of their children. There is a need for: †¦ head and deputy school managers [to] monitor planning and assessment †¦ more home/school diaries, informal chats reviews, phone calls. www. european-agency. org 5. School managers are crucial actors for the development of an organisational ethos that recognises pupils’ involvement as fundamental (Porter, Robertson and Hayhoe, 2000). Without respect for pupils’ wishes and a general school philosophy that supports pupil participation, Assessment for Learning is less likely to develop. Overall, as far as school managers are concerned, Project Experts across different Agency countries indicated there is a real need for them to provide all teachers with more formal time to reflect on their use of assessment in order that they can successfully engage in Assessment for Learning processes with pupils. Conclusions All of the contributions from the project experts were unanimous: the concept of Assessment for Learning as currently understood by countries, but – most importantly for this debate – also as described in the research literature is valid for all pupils: including those with SEN. From the discussions held with Project Experts, this proposition can be developed further: Assessment for Learning concerns all pupils and from an inclusive perspective there should not be any need to differentiate between pupils with or without SEN, but rather to differentiate classroom practice to meet all pupils’ requirements. Building on this assertion, four main findings can be highlighted: 1. The same principles of Assessment for Learning apply to pupils with or without SEN. 2. The only difference in Assessment for Learning between pupils with and without special educational needs is essentially in the type of tools and the assessment/ communication methods used by teachers. 3. The only area of concern relating to Assessment for Learning being applied to pupils with SEN relates to the notion of Assessment for Learning as a tool for pupils’ reflection on their own learning (i. e. the interaction between the pupil and teacher during the ‘feedback loop’). For pupils who use alternative forms of communication this feedback process cannot operate in the ‘traditional’ language based way. In this case, a more individualised approach, new assessment tools and a variety of means for teacher/pupil interaction need to be explored and implemented; for example close observation in structured situations which allows teachers to assess pupils’ likes/dislikes and so forth. 4. Many methods and tools of Assessment for Learning have been developed within special needs education settings and could be transferred into mainstream  settings to improve educational provision for all pupils. In summary, Assessment for Learning can and should be applied to all pupils, including those with SEN, providing that the relevant and necessary changes and 6 www. european-agency. org modifications are made in order to ensure the individual pupil’s full participation in the assessment process. It is clear that the discussions relating to the concept of Assessment for Learning within the remit of the Agency Assessment project have only provided a starting point. More detailed examination – research and also the wider dissemination of examples of good practice in applying Assessment for Learning to meet the needs of pupils with SEN – is needed in the future. It is hoped however, that the reflections from project experts as well as their assertion of the usefulness of the concept in supporting the learning processes of all pupils will inform the work and decision making of educational policy makers and practitioners across Europe. For the full text of this paper – including direct quotations from Project Experts relating to the key findings – please go to: http://www. european-agency. org/site/themes/assessment/index. shtml www. european-agency. org 7 References Assessment Reform Group (1999) Assessment for Learning: Beyond the Black Box. Cambridge: University of Cambridge School of Education. Assessment Reform Group (2002) Assessment for Learning: 10 principles. Research-based principles to guide classroom practice. Nuffield Foundation: Electronic source available online at: http://www. qca.org. uk/libraryAssets/media/ 4031_afl_principles. pdf (Last accessed November 2008). Black, P. and William, D. (2002) Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards through Classroom Assessment London: King’s College. Harlen, W. (2007a) Assessment of Learning. London: Sage. Harlen, W. (2007b) The Quality of Learning: assessment alternatives for primary education. (Primary Review Research Survey 3/4). Cambridge: University of Cambridge. Hattie, J. & Timperly, H. (2007) The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, Vol. 77, N. 1, pp. 81-112. Lynn, S. F. and et al. (1997) ‘Effects of task-focused goals on low-achieving students with and without learning disabilities’ American Educational Research Journal, 34, 513-543. Meijer, C. J. W. (ed. ) (2003) Inclusive Education and Classroom Practices. Middelfart: European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education. Porter, J. , Robertson, C. and Hayhoe, H. (eds. ) (2000) Classroom Assessment for Students with Learning Difficulties/Disabilities. Birmingham: Qualifications & Curriculum Authority. William, D. (2007) Assessment for learning: why, what and how. London: Institute of Education, University of London.William, D. and Leahy, S. (2007) ‘A theoretical foundation for formative assessment’. In J. McMillan, H. (ed. ) Formative Classroom Assessment: Theory into Practice (pp. 29-42). New York: Teachers College Press. Western and Northern Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in Education, (ed. ) (2006) Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind. Crown Right of the Government of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory: Western and Northern Canadian Protocol for Collaboration in Education. 8 www. european-agency. org.

My Business Career Goals Essays

My Business Career Goals Essays My Business Career Goals Essay My Business Career Goals Essay My professional and personal activities are strongly influenced by ethics, logic, love, education and human capital. My mission is to become a dynamic leader, to give the best of myself by always acting with integrity. I want to become the best version of myself and at the same time I want to help others to bring out all their potential to help them fully develop personally and professionally. It is my desire to touch the lives of my family, friends, peers and all the persons that surround me on every stage of my life. I think that as human beings with the capability of being rational we have a big responsibility towards this planet. I truly believe that the only way we can have a better place to live and a brighter future is by developing and using human capital. I believe that anything can be accomplished through people. Despite of being young, I truly believe that I have a strong notion of what kind of person I am, and what kind of person I want to become. I want to build a reputa tion of being dedicated to every goal I choose to pursue while having successes in both my personal and professional life. I want to enjoy every moment along this journey finding laughter, love, and happiness with each day that passes. I have overcome many obstacles in my life to get where I am today. Eight years ago I moved about five miles away from where I was living. You may think I moved to a different city or different neighborhood, but it was not anything like that. It was a different country with a different language, different values, and a whole different lifestyle. Six years ago I came to the United States, literally speaking no English, and without an idea of how the education system worked. I was born in San Diego California, but I grew up in Tijuana Mexico. Since my whole life has been between these two countries, it is hard for me when people ask me â€Å"Where are you from?†because I have never had a sense of belonging to just one country,

The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans

The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder refers to an extreme anxiety disorder, which erupts from exposure to an event that leads to psychological trauma (Kato et al, 2006, p.23). This event may include death threats, physical threats or threats towards one’s sexual, emotional or psychological integrity, which may affect an individual’s ability to sustain pressure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the key symptoms of PTSD include increased arousal that results in difficulties in getting sleep, flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, uncontrollable thoughts on an occurrence and stimuli (Kato et al, 2006, p.28). Studies have revealed that symptoms of PTSD that are experienced by veterans may affect their families negatively. They also show that relationships may serve to either improve or make worse the symptoms that PTS D victims experience (Kato et al, 2006, p.29). PTSD has severe effects on the family of veterans because of its consequences that include depression, avoidance, anger and guilt, sympathy and drug abuse. Discussion PTSD related research has indicated that veterans experience marital problems, violence within the family set up, distressed partners and behavior problems among children (Little, 2011). This is because families will definitely respond to the reality of the person they love who has suffered a trauma. Symptoms related to trauma make it difficult for someone to get along with people and may result in withdrawal from families or may turn to violence. Lack of emotional connection or lack of sexual interest with spouses may lead to difficulties in relationships (Little, 2011). Some of these individuals develop limited interest to family activities they took pleasure in before. Families of veterans always sympathize with the suffering that that they undergo through because of PT SD. Family members sympathize with the loved one for what they are experiencing (Little, 2011). The loved one can be sure that there are people who will take care of him/her and feels sorry for what one has to go through. To some extent though, this kind of sympathy can lead to lowered expectations, which may leave the traumatized loved one feeling as if the family assumes that they are not strong enough to pull through the ordeal by themselves. It is advisable not to treat them as if they are totally disabled as this may push them to seclude themselves. However, with the right kind of care and support, they can eventually feel better.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Depression is another problem that results from effects of PTSD. It mostly appears in family members if the person afflicted by PTSD elicits feelings of either loss or pain, or other emotions that hurt. Depress ion in family members can be ascribed to the experience of a traumatic event. Knowledge of a loved one enduring such a difficult time, may lead to intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and impending doom (Little, 2011). Depression tends to vary from individual to individual, but there are common signs and symptoms, which could be part of the normal life lows. Avoidance is a common effect of PTSD that involves evading situations that bring back memories of a traumatic event or occurrence. Family members of the traumatized individual are often fearful of examining and analyzing the traumatic event, just as trauma survivors fear to address whatever happened to them, that was the result of their current situation (Little, 2011). Whatever the traumatized loved one may avoid, the family members may choose to avoid too, sparing the individual further pain or their reaction to the same. This kind of avoidance may lead to abandonment of regular family activities, thus leading to int ernal friction and frustrations. A potential solution to the problem is to get them engage in social activities, unless they are not willing to (Little, 2011). At times, they may e afraid of the safety of other family members. During such instances, family members should not engage in social activities and at that level, it is good to seek professional help immediately. Anger is an aftermath of PTSD because family members may feel guilty because of their inability to improve the situation of the suffering member by making them happy. The survivor’s family may harbor anger feelings towards the person or party they hold responsible for the experience of their loved one (Little, 2011). In some cases where the traumatized individual does not stop to dwell on the traumatic event or exhibits funny behavior, the family may also feel anger towards the traumatized individual. In addition, anger may result from the inability of the suffering individual to keep a job or engagement in de structive behaviors such as alcoholism (Little, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The suffering member’s irritability may also result in anger and guilt in other family members. Family members should learn to overcome the guilt and anger because they are not the cause of the suffering and should focus on helping the suffering family member. Drug abuse may result from the inadequacies in the coping abilities of family members as they try to come into terms with the suffering of their fellow family member. They result to drug abuse because the suffering of the family member is too much for them to handle. The whole family, especially the trauma survivor, may exhibit this response. Drugs and substance abuse is common as a response to trauma related stress experienced by the family (National Center for PTSD, 2010). Amongst children, behavioral problems at school are a common thing. Post-traumatic stress disorder can strain mental and emotional wellbeing of the traumatized individual’s family, loved ones or care givers to significant levels (National Center for PTSD, 2010). To a family, the trauma survivor may look a different person before the trauma due to changes such as increased irritability, depression and withdrawal. Most family members also develop certain behavioral problems such as excessive intake of alcohol, smoking and lack of exercise (National Center for PTSD, 2010). These habits get worse as they try to cope with the great suffering of their loved one Conclusion In a family, if a loved one has PTSD, members may feel guilty of their inability to fix the loved one or even speed up the individual’s recovery process. In order for the family to take care of themselves and the traumatized loved one, it is critical for the whole family to prioritize their mental health through exercise, r est and eating right (National Center for PTSD, 2010).Early treatment is better, for the symptoms can at times get worse as well as change family life. PTSD symptoms often get in the path of family life in setups that have individuals experiencing trauma. The PTSD symptoms can worsen the physical health of a trauma survivor. Treatment administered to traumatized individuals, helps them in overcoming the ordeal. Treatment is also accredited with restitution of control senses and the memory holding power of the nightmare in the individual’s life. An important aspect in prevention and handling of PTSD is social support. Every family member should be responsible for personal welfare as well as the well being of the member suffering from PTSD. Family members should avoid being too concerned with the suffering member because they may end up neglecting themselves (National Center for PTSD, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Kato, N., Kawata, M., and Pitman, R. (2006). PTSD: Brain Mechanisms and Clinical Complications. New York: Springer. Little, S. (2011). How PTSD Affects Families of Veterans. Retrieved from  http://lowvarates.com/va-loan-blog/how-ptsd-affects-families-of-veterans/ National Center for PTSD: Effects of PTSD on Family. (2010). Retrieved from  https://www.ptsd.va.gov/

Private Schools in Westchester County, New York

Private Schools in Westchester County, New York Westchester County, north of New York City, is home to several private schools. This list concentrates on non-parochial college-prep private schools. Hackley School Founded in 1899Located in Tarrytown840 Students, Grades K-12 Hackley School was founded in 1899 by Mrs. Caleb Brewster Hackley, a Unitarian leader who dedicated the mansion where she summered to start the school. The school was originally a boarding school for boys from a broad variety of economic, ethnic, and religious backgrounds. In 1970, the school became co-ed and, from 1970 to 1972, added a K-4 program. The boarding program is now a five-day program. The school, which now enrolls 840 students K-12, has a rigorous academic program and 62 sports teams, building on the schools tradition of having an early football team. The school has always valued community and the power of friendship. The schools mission reads as follows, Hackley challenges students to grow in character, scholarship, and accomplishment, to offer unreserved effort, and to learn from the varying perspectives and backgrounds in our community and the world. Students tend to score well on Advanced Placement (AP) exams, and the middle 50% of a recent graduating class ranged from 1280-1460 on the Math and Critical Reading sections of the SAT (out of a possible 1600). According to the headmaster, Diversity is fundamental to our understanding of what good education is and one of the hallmarks of our communitys culture. Masters School Founded in 1877Located in Dobb Ferry588 Students, Grades 5-12 Located in Dobbs Ferry, 30 miles from New York City, Masters School was founded in 1877 by Eliza Bailey Masters, who wanted her students, who were girls, to have a serious classical education and not just the education provided by a typical finishing school. As a result, the girls at the school studied Latin and math, and by the turn of the century, the curriculum became college-preparatory in nature. The school attracted boarding students from across the country. In 1996, the school became co-ed in the Upper School, and an all-boys middle school was created to exist alongside the all-girls middle school. The Upper School also started to use oval-shaped Harkness tables and their attendant discussion-based teaching style, which originated at Phillips Exeter Academy. The school also began the CITY term , a semester program that uses New York City as a learning laboratory. The school now enrolls 588 students from grades 5-12 (boarding and day) and recently built a new science and technology center. Twenty-five percent of students receive financial aid. The schools mission reads, The Masters School provides a challenging academic environment that encourages critical, creative, and independent habits of thought and a lifelong passion for learning. The Masters School promotes and celebrates academic achievement, artistic development, ethical action, athletic endeavor, and personal growth. The School maintains a diverse community that encourages students to participate actively in decisions affecting their lives and to develop an appreciation of their responsibilities to the larger world. Rye Country Day School Founded in 1869Located in Rye850 Students, Grades PK-12 RCDS was founded in 1869 when local parents invited a schoolmaster named Reverend William Life and his wife, Susan, to Rye to educate their daughters. Opened as the Rye Female Seminary, the school began to concentrate on preparing girls for college. In 1921, the school merged with the all-boys Rye Country School to form the Rye Country Day School. Today, 850 students in grades Pre-K through 12 attend the school. Fourteen percent of its students receive financial aid. The schools mission reads as follows, Rye Country Day School is a coeducational, college preparatory school dedicated to providing students from Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12 with an excellent education using both traditional and innovative approaches. In a nurturing and supportive environment, we offer a challenging program that stimulates individuals to achieve their maximum potential through academic, athletic, creative and social endeavors. We are actively committed to diversity. We expect and promote moral responsibility, and strive to develop strength of character within a respectful school community. Our goal is to foster a lifelong passion for learning, understanding, and service in an ever-changing world. Rippowam Cisqua: A PreK-9 School Founded in 1916Located in Mount Kisco (the Lower School campus)Located in Bedford (the Middle School campus)521 Students, Grades PK-9 Rippowam was founded in 1916 as the Rippowam School for Girls. In the early 1920s, the school became co-ed, and it later merged with the more progressive Cisqua School in 1972. The school now has an average class size of 18 students, and a faculty-to-student ratio of 1:5. Many of the schools graduates go on to attend top boarding schools and local day schools. The schools mission reads as follows: The mission of Rippowam Cisqua School is to educate students to become independent thinkers, confident in their abilities and themselves. We are committed to a dynamic program of academics, the arts, and athletics, and support an engaged faculty to challenge students to discover and explore their talents to the fullest. Honesty, consideration, and respect for others are fundamental to Rippowam Cisqua. In an atmosphere that promotes intellectual curiosity and a lifelong love of learning, Rippowam Cisqua strives to instill in students a strong sense of connection to their community and to the larger world. We, as a school, recognize the common humanity of all people and teach understanding and respect for the differences among us.

Anythin to do with Microeconomics Research Proposal

Anythin to do with Microeconomics - Research Proposal Example Retail shopping can be defined as the process of evaluation of goods or services from retail outlets by consumers aiming to buy those goods or services. Retail shopping takes place in different venues ranging from hypermarkets, shopping malls and departmental stores to bazaars, second-hand stores, dollar stores and flea markets. Today, retail shopping is not only a necessity that enables retail consumers to acquire goods or services for use in everyday life, but it is also a leisure activity that combines delight, relaxation, amusement and the chance to spend ‘quality time’ with friends and relatives. In a few cases, retail shopping is an arduous, time-consuming and unpleasant activity where consumers are obliged to line up in long queues for long hours to purchase popular items {for example, during holiday shopping}. The retail consumer’s decision to buy is a successful culmination of eight consecutive stages: ‘need’ which convinces the retail consumer to buy certain goods or services, ‘awareness’ involving advertisers of goods and services reaching out to prospective buyers using persuasive brand communication, ‘preference’ when retail consumers decide that they prefer certain brands, ‘search’ involving consumers initiating searches for retail outlets where their preferred brand is being sold, ‘selection’ involving choosing their preferred item, ‘purchase’ involving the consumer conveying final confirmation by paying for the item, ‘use’ involves the consumer making practical use of the item, and ‘satisfaction’ involving the consumer’s firm conviction that the item purchased has fully lived up to expectations (Sharma). Phil Kotler defines Atmospherics as â€Å"the effort to design buying environments to produce specific emotional effects in the buyer that enhance his or her purchase probability.† In â€Å"Marketing of the Mind†, the

The relationship between Cooperative Learning and Social Emotional Case Study

The relationship between Cooperative Learning and Social Emotional Learning in a Elementary mixed ability learning environment - Case Study Example materials and ask them to learn the topic on their own at an individual level, without discussing, and then administer a test at the end of the learning. Secondly, the teacher can apply the teaching methodology of teaching the whole topic to the students, while the students take notes, after which a test is administered at the end of the topic to establish their understanding. Thirdly, the teacher can teach the students the topic differently, by teaching the whole topic to each student alone, and then turning on the other student until he is through with all of them. Fourth, the students can ask the students to pick each sub-topic of their interests to learn on their own, and then come teach the sub-topic to the rest of students in a classroom forum moderated by the teacher. Which option is suitable for teaching the living cell topic to the students? In a science class, the teacher has a group of six students of mixed learning abilities. Some of the students have low learning abilities, understanding the content of the teaching very slowly and at times lagging behind in performing the required tasks for the lessons. On the other hand, there is another group that has a high learning ability, being able to learn the content of the science lesson easily, and thus managing to undertake the learning activities and practical tasks very easily. The teacher is highly concerned about the inability of the students with low learning ability to move with the pace he has set, and is therefore worried that such students may inconvenience the students with the high learning abilities, by making the learning process slow, and thus affect the time that the scheduled science lessons should be completed. Thus, the teacher is contemplating various measures to address this problem. First, the teacher is contemplating teaching at the pace that the high ability students are able to adapt, while ignoring the needs of the group with low-learning abilities. Secondly, the teacher is

The New Labour party and Childhood Education Research Proposal

The New Labour party and Childhood Education - Research Proposal Example The main body of the essay would examine the early years' education and care policy development before 1997 and deduce the main limitations and shortcomings of the existing system. The research would proceed to examine the changes in the New Labour party and the coalition government and produce an evaluation and synthesis of the policies they put in place in relation to childhood and education. The policies would be critiqued and analyzed in-depth and the strengths and weaknesses of the systems would be identified and examined. The main body of the essay would examine the early years' education and care policy development before 1997 and deduce the main limitations and shortcomings of the existing system. The research would proceed to examine the changes in the New Labour party and the coalition government and produce an evaluation and synthesis of the policies they put in place in relation to childhood and education. The policies would be critiqued and analyzed in-depth and the stre ngths and weaknesses of the systems would be identified and examined. Contextualization of Education and Child Care Policy This section would examine the very essence of education policy and how it affects governments and fundamental stakeholders in British society. It would involve the examination of the concept of policy and how it affects life in society. â€Å"Policy is a statement by the government of what it intends to do such as law, regulation, ruling, decision or a combination of these. The lack of such statements may also by an implicit statement† (Birkland, 2009: p9). This means that policy involves all the plans and the aspirations of a government that forms the blueprint of what they intend to do during their tenure in office. There is also another view of policy. This is a more general view of policy which is â€Å"... an intentional course of action followed by a government institution or official for resolving an issue of public concern† (Eisener, 2011: p4). In other words, a policy is more of a conscious and direct approach that guides institutions in order to attain some ends that is relevant to society as a whole.

The social issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Essay

The social issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Technology, Science, and the Social Ferment) - Essay Example 58). This discrimination was upheld by the US Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. This decision, which supported racial segregation, was reversed in 1954, and the government made racial segregation and discrimination in any form, illegal. However, discrimination persists and until 1920, women were not permitted to exercise their franchise, when Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution that provided women with the right to vote. Despite these measures, women in the US are still subjected to discrimination (Pozzuto & Arnd-Caddigan, Mar2008, P. 58). From the early 1900s till the Second World War, the US witnessed modernism in art, design and architecture. The first skyscrapers were constructed in the 1870s. These structures generated considerable competition from architects. The first successful design was New York’s Woolworth Building. The Architects Anderson Graham, Probst, and White designed and constructed the Wrigley Building in Chicago. Howells and Hood designed the Chicago Tribune Tower. Chrysler and the Empire State Building displayed the Art Deco design. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed several houses in California and Japan. Art Deco lasted from 1925 to 1950. It was called as modern construction and emerged from the 1925 International Art Exposition in Paris (Whitley, 2008). Opposition to communism reached fanatical levels in the US during the 1920s. Communism was referred to as Red Scares, and communists were referred to as anarchists. In 1920, there were an estimated 150,000 communists in the nation, which was just 0.1 percent of the population. People subscribing to radical views were persecuted, as evident from the case of Sacco and Vanzetti. Americans of that period adopted provincialism, as depicted by the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan, restrictive immigration laws and Prohibition (Roaring Twenties). The 1919, 18th amendment to the Constitution,

Advantages of diversity through career management in the workplace Research Paper

Advantages of diversity through career management in the workplace - Research Paper Example It is often said that the diversity tends to include various dimensions impacting the identities and the perspectives that the people of the organization bring such as parental status, profession, geographic location and education.Workplace diversity is mainly concerned with the people issue that tends to bring similarities as well as differences in the organization. It is often said that the diversity tends to include various dimensions impacting the identities and the perspectives that the people of the organization bring such as parental status, profession, geographic location and education. The concept of workplace diversity is often sought to include everyone. It can be revealed that the workplace diversity is all about learning from others who are different regarding the dignity, respect for all and thus creating the environment that will motivate others as well to learn from various people in order to capture the benefits of the diverse views (Cornell University, n.d.). It is known that the workplace diversity tends to bring numerous gains to the organization. The overall success including the competitiveness rests upon the organization’s capability to encompass the diversity realizing the benefits provided by it. The organizations that evaluate as well as employ the diversity plans visibly derive benefits out of them. The first benefit that arises is the increased adaptability. The organizations that include diverse workplace can offer solution to the existing problems on a day-to-day basis. The employees from diverse background generally tend to bring with them individual knowledge and/or skill thus assisting in providing various ideas that can adapt to the changing markets demand. A person consisting of diverse skills tends to attract the customers on a global basis. The companies embracing the diversity in the workplace motivate the staffs to perform well and at the highest quality (Greenberg, 2006). It can be revealed that the diversity manag ement programs need to have an impact upon the recruitment of the target groups. It must also have an influence upon the career development programs. The term career management is based on the assumption that the individuals can exercise power over their careers. It is to be remembered that proper career management may not only focus upon the skills as possessed by oneself as well as the nature of the work but also it is quite important to focus upon the decision making skills that can be improved as well as developed with the pace of time. It is the work diversity that shapes the career development plans of the individuals. It is because of the diversity at the workplace that forces an individual to manage his/her careers. It has been evident that the world is undergoing rapid changes and the changes have an effect upon the nature of the work. Embracing the changes may damage the careers of the individuals. The competitive aspect on a worldwide basis gives rise to the global busine sses and the uncertainties in the global economy. Competition has further forced the organizations to perform acquisitions, reorganization as well as restructuring of the jobs. There have further been changes in the psychological relation among the employers and the employee (Greenhaus & Et. Al., 2009). A person pursuing his career plan in accountancy may experience numerous benefits. It can be demonstrated that the accountants possesses one of the finest job prospects. The individuals who have good interpersonal as well as the communication skills are the targets of the employers in the recent times. There are accountant who need to work on teams with others possessing different backgrounds. Therefore, these accountants must possess the ability to demonstrate and explain the accounting information in a clear and concise manner. This clearly relates to the workplace diversity. The accountants need to divert their skills and knowledge among the diverse cultural background groups whic h is referred as workplace diversi

The social issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Essay

The social issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Technology, Science, and the Social Ferment) - Essay Example 58). This discrimination was upheld by the US Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. This decision, which supported racial segregation, was reversed in 1954, and the government made racial segregation and discrimination in any form, illegal. However, discrimination persists and until 1920, women were not permitted to exercise their franchise, when Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution that provided women with the right to vote. Despite these measures, women in the US are still subjected to discrimination (Pozzuto & Arnd-Caddigan, Mar2008, P. 58). From the early 1900s till the Second World War, the US witnessed modernism in art, design and architecture. The first skyscrapers were constructed in the 1870s. These structures generated considerable competition from architects. The first successful design was New York’s Woolworth Building. The Architects Anderson Graham, Probst, and White designed and constructed the Wrigley Building in Chicago. Howells and Hood designed the Chicago Tribune Tower. Chrysler and the Empire State Building displayed the Art Deco design. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed several houses in California and Japan. Art Deco lasted from 1925 to 1950. It was called as modern construction and emerged from the 1925 International Art Exposition in Paris (Whitley, 2008). Opposition to communism reached fanatical levels in the US during the 1920s. Communism was referred to as Red Scares, and communists were referred to as anarchists. In 1920, there were an estimated 150,000 communists in the nation, which was just 0.1 percent of the population. People subscribing to radical views were persecuted, as evident from the case of Sacco and Vanzetti. Americans of that period adopted provincialism, as depicted by the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan, restrictive immigration laws and Prohibition (Roaring Twenties). The 1919, 18th amendment to the Constitution,

Reflective essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Reflective - Essay Example However, my far-reaching plans were overshadowed by the terrible news: one day I learned that my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. My loving parents did not want me to know, yet I learned it accidentally. I just found an abstract of mother’s medical record when looking for my notebook in the drawer. And I was shell shocked. The feelings were as if a bucket of ice-cold water was poured on me. I understood that she wanted to protect me from worries, but I was adamant about what I needed to do as a loving child. When your dearest person finds herself in the mire, there are no other possible options but staying near and doing your best to help and relieve the personal hell she is going though. Therefore, I decided to postpone my study in the U.S., so that my mom could rely on me anytime during her treatment. I have to admit that giving up my dream was very hard, and so was watching mom going through the painful course of chemotherapy, but I do not regret anything. This experience, though rather p stressful, has produced a profound effect on my life and attitude. Usually, I tended to distance myself from thoughts that some of my dearest people and particularly family members can be possible affected by a serious disease, get into an accident or die. Therefore, hearing about other people die of cancer in the news programs, I often thought: â€Å"Well, that is awful, but fortunately it will never affect me, my parents or my friends†. I remember that when I was at school, I read about Kylie Minogue being diagnosed with breast cancer. Well, I liked this singer and was a little upset, but still I perceived cancer as a distanced and abstract thing. However, when I saw mother’s weary eyes after a chemotherapy session and understood that cancer can reach anyone, nobody is completely secure even with healthy lifestyle or strong immune

The novel Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

The novel Great Expectations Essay Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in the 19th century (1860-1861). It is said to be one of the classics of the English literary heritage and several film adaptations have been made of it. It first appeared in a weekly magazine called All the year round. Great Expectations is a book in which Dickens returned to the theme of a youths discovery of the realities of life. An unknown person provides the young hero, Pip, with money so that Pip can live as a gentleman. Pips pride is shattered when he learns there source of his Great Expectations. Only by revising his values does Pip restore his life on a foundation of empathy rather than on social position. In this coursework I shall be comparing two film versions: David Leans 1944 black and white version starring John Nutts and the 1997 colour version directed by Alfonso Cuaron which features, Ethan Hawke; Gwyneth Paltrow; Anne Bankcroft and Robert Deniro. I intend to compare the opening chapters in the two film versions, in which the young Pip/Finn encounters a scary convict who later becomes a momentous figure in Pips life.  Both films start with the adult voice of Pip/Finn reflecting on his childhood. The David Lean (1944) version closely follows the actual text whereas Alfonso Cuarons Version follows a sequential order but digresses greatly from the text. As the credits began rolling there are a variety of styles of music. The first style that we hear is a full orchestra and it then harrows down to only one flute which plays a childish style of music which is obviously representing the young PIP. Afterwards it goes into a romantic mood and after that a sad mood. It finally becomes a symphony of emotion to signify the films happy ever after ending. In the opening scene we start with a long shot of Pip and the tracking of pip across the field. At the camera is tracking Pip we see many images of death, for example as Pip is running the audience see a number of Jibbets. As Pip is running the audience is able to see how closely David Lean has followed the text. The marshes are seen to be just a long black horizontal line and the river a long horizontal line but not much thicker. The sky is also just a row of angry red lines and dense black ones. The camera again zooms in on Pips face to show us his apprehension as he climbs over the wall. The audience is able to see many gravestones are crooked and a lot of plants and weeds are overgrown. This suggests that this churchyard is uncared for. This adds tension to the opening scene because we wonder why this young child is there. All throughout the opening scene there is wind sound affects. The wind is an eerie sound which also adds to the tension of the scene. When I was watching Pip I felt a lot of sympathy because I had seen from the gravestone that both of his parents had died and learned that his only relative was his sister who he lived with and she wasnt exactly a ray of sunshine. Alfonso Cuarons version also starts with the credits first which is unusual for a modern day film. As the credits begin there is soft music with very exotic instruments such as a rainpie. The letters of peoples names appears in a fluid pattern, which gives us a watery feeling. This s a good technique as it sets the audience up for the opening scene where things are not necessarily as they seem. The first thing the audience sees is the character of Finn Pip) looking at the fish and then climbing into the boat. Finn takes out a notebook and begins to draw. At this point there is virtually no tension as there is an ordinary boy who is playing in the sunshine and frankly looks quite happy. There is none of the heart tugging emotion that is apparent in Leans black and white version. Finn then climbs out of his boat and carries on looking for more fish to draw. All of a sudden there is a big cloud of red forming underneath the water then a hand comes out of the water and grabs Finn and we realise that this is the convict. This method is more effective than Leans version because it is so unexpected; there is virtually no tension at all up to this point. Whereas Leans version builds the tension up so high that we actually expect something to happen to PIP. I assume that David Lean directed his film as he did in order to retain the essential authenticity of the book. This was important for Lean to do because the book has a way of taking you out of your own reality and this was what the people of 1944 needed to get away from the Second World War. Whilst the 1997 version is not trying to reproduce a historical piece- it is a modern version of the plot transposed to America. I believe that Cuaron did this in order to make the film more realistic, so that the audience could feel that this can happen to anybody. In doing this Cuaron lost the essence of the plot, with its fairytale ending. The similarity that I have seen in the two films is the contrast of Pip/Finn compared to the convict. The directors are both trying to balance Pip/Finns innocence compared to the convicts corruption. Lean does this by keeping Pip polite and sincere all the time while the convict is strangling and pushing him etc. Cuaron does this by making the convict swear to scare Finn; I feel that Cuaron does this because he thinks he needs to do more to shock the modern day. The main differences between the two versions are the location, setting and background. For example Cuarons version had an American actor doing Finns voiceover, it took away some of the reality of the film because I feel that Great Expectations is so typically English. I can agree to some extent that both films had a strong opening which is essential in a film. The reason for this is because if there is a weak opening t the film you will not want to watch the rest of it; the same when reading a book if the first few chapters are not engaging you will not want to finish the book. Generally I preferred David Leans version because it kept to the book. Maybe I might have differently if I hadnt read the book first, but the 1997 version deviated from the book so much that I was confused which character was meant to be which. Lea I felt was also much more effective in setting up the story. Although both films id follow a chronological order, David Leans 1944 version kept very closely to the text where as the coloured version altered the location and dialogue of the novel.  David Lean built up the tension first using sound effects I.e. wind and bustling trees, the dreariness of the marshes and using the numerous visions of death I.e. the jibbet and the crooked gravestones.

Purchasing And Procurement In The Construction Industry Construction Essay

Purchasing And Procurement In The Construction Industry Construction Essay In this ever changing world that has become so competitive that the expectations in the construction industry regarding deliverables, cost, time and quality have made companies shift to more robust and competitive operational strategies. Other industries have successfully implemented new and improved strategy but the construction industry still has to follow suit. One of the major factors that are identified in the construction industry is the rather slow changing procurement chain management system. The current strategies used for procurement do not live up to the market requirements and rather is stifling the growth of this particular industry. Understanding these various models are being implemented throughout the industry which will have a significant impact on the growth as well as improve productivity to help this industry sustain the drastic economic changes. Historically, the sourcing of subcontracting services was the most neglected element in the construction process. Only when the cost of materials and the subcontracting increased did management investigate alternative methods to planning and control. Labor was the focus since this industry is labor intense and more emphasis was given to the cost of labor. Firms also started investing heavily into technology and technology related products. The traditional view of purchasing and sourcing management as a clerical function has been negated and emerged as a viable and profitable function more than any other functions in the construction industry. The lifecycle of a typical construction project consists of the following stages, The construction life cycle stages are mutually exclusive or independent of each other. Many of these stages occur concurrently. Depending on the size of the organization the supply sourcing maybe implemented in varying degree of ownership. Regardless of the size of the company ownership in the supply souring function must be well defined. The supply sourcing must be carried out according to the specification of the projects, budgetary and scheduling constraints. Supply sourcing function involves working with upstream and downstream relationships, inside and outside each organization. The supply sourcing process involves assisting the project manager with subcontracting services, bulk material and equipment requirements. The construction manager or contractor coordinates the transformational process based on three basic criteria which is completing the project on time, making sure he/she sticks to the budget and delivered with an accepted level of quality. Review of Existing Purchasing Options In the construction sector, procurement has become difficult due to the different methods for acquisition of buildings and infrastructure. The main features of current procurement options are listed below. The section is divided into the various methods of contracting / funding, methods of selection and methods of payment. Methods of contracting General Contracting: design is done by independent consultants who are in direct contact with the client or designers who are part of the client organization. There is a separate contract for the construction of the project which is placed with a building contractor who sub-lets the elements of the work. Payment is done monthly based on the amount of work done. Design and Build (pure): Design and Build (DB) is the procurement system in which a single organization takes the responsibility and risks for both the design and construction phases. The client engages a building contractor who is responsible for the design and the construction. The method of payment is lump sum, payable in monthly installments. Novated Design and Build: This is a variation of the pure DB and is used when the client employs a design team for the early stages and once a building contractor is selected by tender the team is shifted to this builder. The advantage of such a system is that the original design is kept intact from the early stages and ultimately is passed on to the contractor. Management Contracting: This type of system came into existence with the needs of developers to take more commercial risk on construction projects as compared to general contracting. The trend of building contractors to sub-let all the work resulted in the need to procure a project management and co-ordination input and also harness close relationship between client and contractor. Construction Management: Effectively the same as management contracting, the only difference being that there is no general contractor, instead a series of direct contractual links between the client and the trade contractors. This makes the role of CM more like a consultant than a contractor. Package Deals: This is a way of increasing the scope of the contractor. For large engineering projects like oil rigs, harbors and docks they are structures as Engineer, Procure and Construction. Under such an arrangement the EPC contractor takes the responsibility for carrying out all the design, construction and commissioning work so that the client only has to pay. Systems Involving Service Agreements: sometimes organizations maybe contracted to provide other inputs. These include commissioning, operation and maintenance. Collaborative working: Sometimes in projects various organizations come together to have a collaborative relationships. There is a lot that can be gained from such alliances and have success for both the project and the organization in the long run. The continual relationship building plays a crucial role in such circumstances. The trend towards long term arrangements is clear with strategies like framework agreements and serial or strategic partnering. Such alliances prove effective with the savings in costs of re-bidding, the prospects of continuous improvement and a predictable workflow. Methods of selection Long term or short term relations need to be formed to accomplish where there is a greater need on competition or cooperation. Levels of competition arise from open tendering to single negotiation. Open and selective tendering relies on price as their main criterion. Some clients adopt a more cooperative approach and favor negotiations where non-price plays a significant part. Two stage tendering is a hybrid approach that seeks to exploit the advantage of negotiations and competition. The appointment of a contractor takes two stages. Stage 1 is competitive and based on costs. Stage 2 is made after the completion of open book negotiations for the final price. Methods of payment Price-based systems: these include lump-sum arrangements that range from Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) to remeasurable contracts. GMP is used when contractors control the design and remeasurable contracts are characterized by the contract bill of quantities. In such contracts the amount of work is measured after it is finished with reference to the rates in the bills of quantities. Cost-based systems: cost-based payment methods include cost-plus and target cost. Cost plus contracts removes the risk of variable production costs from the contractor, who is paid on the time spent and the materials used rather than sticking to the tendered price. Target cost contracts are used as an incentive to increase efficiency from the contractor. The costs are shared between the contractor and the employer. Even if the cost exceed the agreed target cost or in a situation where the costs are less than the target cost, it is shared between both parties. Todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Construction industry uses this particular model (Fig. 1) because the specialty contractor has been responsible for material procurement. In this model, the owner and the general contractor rely on the specialty contractor to procure all the equipment and material for the project. Owners use the SCPM over 80% of the time to procure build-to-order equipment and to procure commodity material over 90% of the time. Majority of the material is transferred between manufacturers, manufacturing reps, distributors and specialty contractors. With this model the SC has reviews the design specifications and notifies the owner or GC of equipment or material incompatibility issues, design change recommendations or lower cost equipment and material substitutions. Once the design is confirmed the material orders flow from the SC to both distributor and manufacturer. The material and equipment then flow back to the SC at the jobsite. Knowledge and service transfer in the SCPM model are between manufacturers, distributors and specialty contractors. The figure below illustrates the knowledge transfer between the parties involved. This model is less common than SCPM in the construction industry. In this model the owners procure the material and equipment directly from the manufacturer or from a distr4ibutor. This is mainly used to remove transactional costs from the supply chain. This model is typically used about 10% of the time for the entirety of their equipment and material purchases. This model is particularly used for procurement of build-to-order materials than it is for commodity materials. The transfers are directly between the owner and manufacturer. The owner has his own design team to procure the correct material and equipment. The input from a specialty contractor varies. The owner has a strong standing relation with individual specialty contractors and such cases the SC gives input about material to the owner. In this model the material is directly shipped to the jobsite and stored until installation. The knowledge and service transfers in this model are very limited. Knowledge is primarily obtained from the ownerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s past experience and through design specifications that were developed for previous projects. This is the least commonly used purchasing model in the construction industry. In this model the owners commission the GC to procure material and equipment. In most cases the GC seeks to purchase all the material and equipment from the manufacturers directly. Most manufacturers are not set up to sell their products directly to customers and hence the GC has to go through the normal distribution channels. Only 2% of the time is this model used in the construction industry. The transfers in this model occur between the GC, distributor and manufacturer or directly between the GC and manufacturer. The flow is such that once the order is given to the GC the GC purchases the material without the consultation of the SC. In this model the GC procures the material and equipment according to the specifications of the project. The knowledge and service transfers in the GCPM are similar to the OPM model. The GC must depend on his own experience as well as details from the manufacturer and/or distributor in order to purchase the proper material. Knowledge from installation experience does not exist because the SC is not involved in the procurement process and the GC is not involved in the installation process. Summary The procurement process of the construction industry is complex and involves various amount and degree of procurement. Several untouched and untrained areas exist in the procurement process of construction. It stands that it is an important cog in the entire process of construction. Various avenues still exist and with careful study of internal process and finding a suitable fit so as to be effective and competitive is essential for the success of an organization in this industry. A huge potential exists in having a cost effective process that can make achieve acceptable levels of quality and on time delivery are the key elements to have a procurement process model.

Neck Guards In Hockey Essay -- Sports Safety hockey

OUTLINE Thesis: Although most hockey athletes believe that by wearing required equipment keeps them safe from injury, however I believe that these regulations should be stricter because of the severity of recent and past injuries. Introduction: Are equipment regulations enough to keep our hockey athletes safe? I. Injuries a. Richard Zednik b. Clint Malarchuk c. Bill Masterton II. History of Equipment a. Pre 1950 b. 1960-1970 c. 1970-1980 d. 1980-1990 e. 1990-2000 III. Current Equipment regulations a. Neck Guards b. Helmets c. Goalie masks IV. Neck Guard Debate a. Pros b. Cons Conclusions: Will it take a death to make NHL officials change there minds on the policies regarding neck guards like they did with helmets after the death of Bill Masterton. Are current equipment regulations enough to keep our hockey athletes safe? I ask this after the life threatening injury that recently occurred here in Buffalo. However this isn’t the first time that the NHL (National Hockey League) has seen injuries of this magnitude. What were these injuries? How did they affect the NHL rules? What kind of rules are in place today? What is the NHL doing about neck guards? These questions and more will be answered as we take a look into NHL injuries, the history of equipment regulations, current equipment regulations, and the debate over neck guards. It was Sunday, February 10, 2008 here in Buffalo at the HSBC Arena. The Buffalo Sabres were playing the Florida Panthers. Thousands of spectators cheered as Buffalo took a 4-3 lead. The puck flew down the ice to the corner left of goaltender Ryan Miller. Players from both team rushed after the puck, 10 minutes and 4 seconds into the 3rd period Florida forward Olli Jokinen... ...es another player have to meet death before the NHL will change their minds on neck guards? Were Clint Malarchuk and Richard Zednik injuries not sever enough? How many more players have to meet this fate before something is done? I think that Florida Panthers head coach Jacques Martin said it best in a press conference held at Richard Zednik’s release from the hospital Meredith â€Å"In a situation like this you realize hockey is just a game, life is more important.† Work Cited Richard Zednik Hockey Throat Cut. Video. Http:// www.break.com/index/richard-zednik-hockey-throat-cut.html. 2012 Press conference with Richard Zednik and Jacques Martin. Video. ESPN. 2012 â€Å"NHL Rulebook.† March 2012, March 2012 â€Å"Ruff on neck guards: ‘I would endorse them.† Buffalo News. 11 Feb. 2012. â€Å"Hockey for Dummies† March 2012. â€Å"NHL Equipment.† March 2012.

What Are The Benefits Of Eco Briquettes Environmental Sciences Essay

Unsustainable of Earth ‘s resources and environmental jobs are major current jobs that occurred by over ingestion and inefficient manner of utilizing. Climate alteration, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution has a major impact on many citizens and the Earth which require people change their current behaviour. Climate alteration and planetary heating are portion of serious issues these yearss and are besides portion of the most of import planetary environmental challenges, with deductions for nutrient production, H2O supply, wellness, energy and so on. Addressing clime alteration requires a good scientific apprehension every bit good as coordinated action at national and planetary degree from. PTT 328 PTT is the largest energy company in Thailand which the group ‘s chief activity is the operation of crude oil concern. The Group besides engages in the geographic expedition and production of crude oil, operation of natural gas, international trading of rough oil, condensate, crude oil and petrochemical merchandises and investing in domestic refinement and petrochemical industries. Its vision and mission are to be the preeminent Thai energy corporation, runing to the full integrated oil and gas concern, and entire energy services. PTT has a clear end over Quality, Safety, Health and Environment ( QSHE ) . Regarded as the nucleus constituent of sustainable development, QSHE has been analyzed and assessed with the demands of the stakeholders in head. In carry oning energy concerns, it is inevitable for operators to confront hazards refering Quality, Safety, Health, and Environment ( QSHE ) . Refering this, PTT has invariably paid full attending to the control, bar, and minimisati on of these hazards faced by stakeholders ; clients, providers, contractors, stockholders, communities, staff, and the environment as a whole. The company has applied productiveness tools and QSHE direction systems in all its units to better its efficiency and the quality of life of staff and communities, and to steadily advance image in the company ‘s societal and environmental duties. These steps have successfully instilled greater assurance in investors and favored PTT ‘s international concern project. However, sustainable edifice of concern besides covers the merchandise which its belongings and production procedure is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a edifice ‘s life-cycle. All of these elements have to concern of economic system, public-service corporation, lastingness, and comfort. Biomass briquette is an ideal biomass fuel which can heighten the PTT ‘s environmental public presentation more effectual and ocular because th is the merchandise including natural stuff, production procedure and new engineerings are developed to make greener activities to cut down the overall impact of the built environment on human wellness and the natural environment by: Efficiently utilizing energy, H2O, and other resources Protecting occupant wellness and bettering employee productiveness Recycling waste, cut downing pollution and environmental debasement. Biomass briquettes Biomass briquettes are an low-cost alternate fuel to coal and other solid combustible fuels which are produced by change overing low majority denseness biomass into high denseness solid fuels ( Werther et al. 2000 ) . Biomass briquetting workss are consisted of assorted types of machines to back up different natural stuffs ( KriA?an et al. 2009 ) . Biomass briquettes are non-conventional beginning of energy, renewable in nature, eco friendly, non-polluting and economical ( Wilaipon 2007 ) . In add-on, it has been claimed thataˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.the procedure of change overing biomass to solid fuel is besides non-polluting ; therefore the procedure and merchandise are 100 % natural. Briquette is an ideal Bio-fuel because of the undermentioned grounds: Eco friendly & A ; renewable energy fuel. Economic and cheaper than other solid fuels. Thermal calorific value about 4000 Kcal/Kg. Pollution free & amp ; non-hazardous. Lower ash content 4 % – 8 % . There is no fly ash when burnt. Consistent high combustion efficiency. Easy for transit, eating, and burning. Combustion is more unvarying. Biomass briquettes are an alternate green energy to char, and are normally used to fire industrial boilers that produce steam including concern which requires burn. Production procedure 400 Every twelvemonth Thailand has 1000000s of dozenss of agricultural wastes are generated. These agricultural wastes are treated a waste with no economic value and either none used or burned inefficiently in their loose signifier doing air pollution. However, this ‘waste ‘ can be turned into a wholly environment-friendly beginning of energy through briquetting ( Biomass briquettes Replacing coal and LPG.article ) . Groundnut shell Bamboo dust Paddy straw Sunflower chaff Tea waste Tobacco waste Bagasse ( Sugarcane waste ) Saw dust Coffee chaff Wheat straw Mustard Jute waste Forestry wastes Cotton chaff Palm chaff Wood french friess Rice chaff Reeds Soies husk Other agro wastes Table1. Kinds of natural stuff ( based on Werther et Al. 2000 ) Biomass briquettes are manufactured by the procedure of recycling agricultural wastes and forestry wastes. The machinery used is compatible with multiple agricultural wastes. The agro waste is first pulverized, sieved and so dried to necessitate wet content. This is so fed into the hopper of fuel briquette machine, which uses high compaction between dice and clout ensuing into cylindrical briquettes. Cylindrical briquettes are therefore formed due to carbonisation, achieved by heating of surface. Figure1. The Biomass briquette ‘s production procedure ( based on Callejon Ferre and Lopez Martinez 2009 ) Procedure of Briquetting: First, oppressing machine prepares suited size natural stuff for biomass briquetting works by tear uping the natural stuff after it is fed into the machine. After that a tiled metal screen will vibrate chopped remains until it separates from dirt. Then, the remains works stuffs were passed into a armored combat vehicle of uninterrupted rinsing consists of a pivot membranophone made of screen. After rinsing the works stuff, H2O is contaminated and low quality, it is brought to sublimate by water-purification system which is contained in the lowest of the armored combat vehicle. This system allows reused H2O for briquetting procedure. Second, drying machine prepare suited wet natural stuff for biomass briquette imperativeness. For briquetting imperativeness, it is merely to command the wet of natural stuff at a sensible scope that can do good consequence of biomass briquettes. Or the briquettes will be broken because of excessively loose or excessively dry. Third, briquetting imperativ eness machine makes the biomass stuff into briquettes. After the well readying of natural metarial, briquetting is easy at right operation of biomass briquette imperativeness. When machine rise to over 300 centigrade, the stuff can be feeding continuously into briquetting imperativeness. First, the colour of briquettes may be a small dark even black, but after a piece, the colour will be light to normal degree coming out of biomass briquette machine. Finally, wadding is the last procedure of briquetting procedure which the wadding machine will lade concluding biomass briquettes and so wrap with a thermic psychiatrist wrap by thermic psychiatrist wrapper machine Finished Product Briquettes Briquettes are ready replacement of brown coal, coal and wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermic application including families ‘ day-to-day life. Biomass briquettes are non-conventional beginning of energy, eco-friendly, renewable in nature, non fouling and economical. It ‘s made through binder less technique without usage of any type of chemical so it is 100 % natural. Compared to fire wood or loose biomass, briquettes give much higher boiler efficiency because of low wet and higher denseness. Marketing 200 Explain how it could be marketed ( academic resources ) Harmonizing to ( Suksumek 2007 ) pollution job by utilizing brown coal at Mae Moh Power works in Thailand in 1992 and doing bad consequence to villagers, power works employees and harvest of local communities, it creates negative image of utilizing lignite and coal which Thai authorities solves the job by import coal from oversea. Therefore, it is a good chance to market biomass briquette merchandise in Thailand. The fabrication, located in Thailand, provides a geographical advantage to Tesco because it is populatedaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ Furthermore, demand ingestion of coal is high while low competition in clean fuel merchandise as biomass briquette. Unit of measurement: Ktoe Table1. Forecast on Primary Energy Demand ( based on Suksumek 2007 ) The multiple use of the terminal merchandise enables us to work the chances in both commercial and industrial markets. Our works will provide to the SA and UK industrial and domestic commercial market such as steel fabrication workss or electrical plants.There are plentifulness of possible markets for fuel briquettes in the metropoliss and in the rural countries. The possible clients for the briquettes: Furnace lining Industries Gasifies System App Lamination Industries Spining Mill Leather Industries Ceramic Industries Textile units Vegetable Plants Solvent Extraction Plant Rubber Industries Food Processing Industries Dying Unit of measurements Milk Plant Any Industrial Thermal App Brick Making Unit of measurements Chemical Industries Selling Approachs Sponsorship: The program recommends actuating client ‘s perceptual experience and besides improves client relationships in term of green company and green merchandise by incorporating green enterprises into every facet of the organisation which links the association of the company and briquette merchandise with an person, event or organisation to expose in societal duty. Using eco-labels and eco-logos on merchandises or selling stuffs: The program aims to stress in term of green merchandise by seting eco-label and eco-logos on briquette ‘s packaging to increase client ‘s consciousness. Prosecuting clients in green selling: The selling program will actuate consumers by promoting them to take part and prosecute in the run or straight with the merchandise through green clubcard. E-marketing: In term of viral selling, the program will aim on-line resources like Tesco ‘s web site chat room, article media, electronic mails online events and will sell the merchandise through Tesco ‘s ain web site. Personal Selling: Due to briquette is low-value merchandise and it is required to utilize in many industries ; hence face-to-face contact provides better chance to sell briquette for big measure to industries. Distribution 45 % of the merchandise is exported to the UK retaining 55 % of it for the Thailand market. Distribution in Thailand will be done straight to clients upon puting an order or known as Just-In-Time because the briquette merchandise ‘s lead clip is short. Furthermore, it is available in every subdivisions of Tesco shop in Thailand while it is available in Tesco supernumerary in UK. However, there is some sum of merchandise storaged in warehouse to back up an exigency. hypertext transfer protocol: //refrigeratedtrans.com/2010-emissions/testa_produce_building_green_distribution_center_0412/ Packing material: Due to belongings of merchandise and distance of transit, the biomass briquette merchandise would necessitate strong and rainproof packaging. For this grounds, Thermal Shrink wrapping which is cheap and environmentally friendly is used as packaging of merchandise. This elastic plastic wrap can besides used to protect merchandise when it is non in usage. Furthermore, it can be used for large and little points ; therefore it provides an advantage to merchandise and company for future development. In this procedure, briquettes are fed into the wadding machine, heat is used to distill the sheets of packing stuff to model, or shrivel to the signifier of the content it will protect. Delivery Briquettes have high specific denseness ; therefore it can defy the stocks of long distance conveyance, lading and droping. Furthermore, transit costs are much less and storage demand is drastically reduced. For bringing both in instance of cargo and transit, this program concerns about clime alteration and environment friendly, and intents to better C footmark. The merchandise will be delivered with sharing lorry by working in partnership with other companies and providers in domestic and international.A For our ain transit, we will utilize more and more double-decker dawdlers, which carry 55 per centum more merchandises per journey ( individual deck: 45, dual deck: 75 coops per trip ) . In add-on, battery-powered new waves are doing bringings for our online shop, Tesco.com which will salvage around 180 metric tons of CO2 each twelvemonth. From these effectual bringings, Tesco can cut down CO2 emanation, save cost and addition higher net income. Decision 150